Late Spring by Yasujiro Ozu

The film I watched is one of the most representative works of Yasujiro Ozu, which is named Late Spring. One of Ozu’s writing features is telling a flat story but reflecting a profound truth. The story told in this film is happened between a single father and his sole daughter. After the early death of her mother, Ji Zi, the daughter in the story, stick together with her father and help each other in difficulties, and both of them are reluctant to marry firstly, but at the end of the film Ji Zi married someone because of her father’s white lie, leaving her father spend the left time of life alone. I am deeply moved by the great affection between the father and the daughter. Actually, we can say that the greatest affection among human beings is the love between parents and their children, so this film is of illuminating influence for me to handle my relations with my parents.

 

 

As for the impressive moments or scenes in the film, I was deeply moved by the moment that the father cheated Ji Zi that he decided to remarry someone and persuade Ji Zi to pursuit her own happiness, by which the daughter could begin a new life frankly. Actually, all of our audiences know that it is a white lie or just an excuse of her father, which aims to not to delay the future of Ji Zi. What’s more, the flat conversations occurred many times in the film between the father and daughter also enlighten me a lot. In the film, Ji Zi more than once expressed her determination to accompany her father all the time and never marry someone, but at the end of the film, with the persuasion from her father, she finally gave up her obsession. But indeed it was a kind of great love and responsibility as a child and the only partner of the old man in the world.

There are also some critical voices about the film. As audiences find, most of Ozu’s films are about the misfortunes in a family and some are about the topic that daughters refuse to get married and leave the family. Some may regard this is not a positive topic and the consistent techniques used in his film are dull frames, still scenes and inconspicuous sound effects, which are not encouraging and attractive for the audience. But my opinion is the opposite, it is the simpleness of the story and scenes that bring up a great and thought-provoking work. The common topics between parents and their children are also a light spot of his works, which is an everlasting issue in the world.

The excellence and success of the film Late Spring is definite. First, Ozu has a unique shooting character and a special way to tell a story to his audiences. Also, his success is due to the details of his emotional processing and hidden principles. What’s more, it is the emotional resonance with most audiences that make his works famous and valuable. So, we can find that most of the great films are successful for their unique detail processing techniques and the historical and practical significance for people’s life in modern society.

Sources

https://film.avclub.com/yasujiro-ozu-s-quietly-staggering-late-spring-returns-i-1798186831

 

King Kong Great film

         The movie King Kong is definitely one of the top 50 movies ever made in America. I love how the movie shows a clear meaning to what they want people to believe it’s like, but there is also a deeper meaning behind it. Kong is set to resemble a terrifying creature sitting on an island waiting to create mass destruction to anyone or anything that comes in his direction. Little do they know, Kong actually has a good heart and isn’t out to terrorize but really to mind his own business. I definitely feel like the deeper meaning to King Kong is to show human greed and how they will stop at nothing to get what they wanted. 

          One of the moments that really stood out to me was when kong first fell in love with Ann and how his love for her led him to do things he’d never even think about doing. For example Kong fought off dinosaurs in desperation to keep his love safe. Another really significant moment in the film was when they had Kong chained up inside of the theatre in order for the people with cameras to come in and take pictures of him and really harass him to full extent. The final but certainly not least significant moment of the film was when Kong had fallen from the top of the Empire State Building to his death after fighting off multiple fighter pilots with Ann inside of his hands. This was the final scene of the movie and certainly one of the most important. 

Image result for king kong

          Although the movies graphics weren’t the best I still found them very good and impressive for a movie made in 1933. There were many other movies around this time that didn’t use special effects not nearly as well as they did while creating King Kong. The deeper meaning behind this movie made me appreciate the film for much more than just the visuals, but along with the dialogue and the events they used to build up to the climax of the movie. One of the reviews spoke on how you’d watch the movie and keep in mind that this 65 foot gorilla is not only fake as can be, but hard to believe any of the events he was doing were even possible. Even still, people watch this movie and are filled with excitement and enjoyment seeing the amazing things this huge animal is capable of doing. The art of imagination is really played with in this film and I am yet to see someone watch this movie and complain about how fake it is or how scenarios like this will never come true. I’m very glad that over the years people have watched this film with an optimistic eye and are able to get a deeper meaning out of the concept. I can easily agree that these reviews match the experience I took from watching this film as well. 

          There are only a couple of movies made in this world that you can label under a great/Top of the charts type of movie. I feel like having a consistent storyline where you’re being very persistent with the point that you’re trying to make, along with simplicity can complexity all mixed together is what makes a great film a great film. With the use of all these attributes, along with imagination, I feel like you have the capability to make any regular idea into an award winning movie. When I watched other great movies like ET and Forrest Gump you can also see the complexity, optimism, and imagination it took for them to create these great films with relatable meanings. Not only do the meanings have to be relatable but they need to be simple enough for someone with a 5th grade education to understand, but not in an oblivious type of way where it seems as if you may be talking to the audience in a “dumbed down” type of way.

          On a more technical level, I can say that I really enjoyed the audio and sound effects they used to create this film. I also liked the effort they put forth in order to create special effects in such an older type of movie. The actors worked really hard to give a realistic reaction to how scared they were of Kong and I couldn’t tell you how much I appreciate a good actor in a science fiction movie. In all I really enjoyed this film and recommend it 10/10 to my peers.

Forrest Gump Great Film

When someone says they’ve never watched Forrest Gump, people fall back, appalled. They can’t believe you’ve never seen the classic movie with Tom Hanks as main role. Honestly, I was 18 years old the first time I watched this film. I watched it with my two brothers, one which had already seen the film, my mom, and our dog. I couldn’t say I was too excited to see what the hype over this movie was because it didn’t really sound that interesting to me. Two long hours and 22 minutes later, I admit humbly my whole perspective had changed.  Truthfully, I can see why it is such a popular movie among American’s or really any humans that truly enjoy an underdog story. 

My overall experience with the movie was a very enjoyable. I think Tom Hanks really outdid himself as an actor. I have watched other movies with him such as: Saving Private Ryan and Sully. Both films, which I thought were great, and this movie is definitely my favorite. For being a movie that really didn’t seem to fit my genre, it was extremely intriguing, had me on the edge of my seat hoping he would get his dream girl and have the best life. 

The moments that stood out to me in this movie were the famous line “RUN FORREST RUN!” In this scene, Forrest is being pelted with rocks to his body and head. One rock specifically, made his head bleed. In this moment, Forrest is struggling to run on his own, he gets up and Jenny screams those famous words at him and Forrest begins to attempt to run away from the bullies as fast as he can. The bullies get on their bikes and begin to chase him. As their chasing him Forrest breaks out of his support and runs like the wind. The reason this moment stood out to me is because everyone would always say “Run Ty Run” in a voice that I didn’t understand when I was growing up. After this movie, I realized that this was where they had gotten it from. They were mocking Jenny’s voice, so it brought back memories from my childhood, and I felt like I could finally relate to the in crowd of Forrest Gump watchers. Apart from that, the deeper meaning was that beautiful scene where Forrest learns how to run. It was when he finally figured out his purpose and his passion. He claims in the movie, “If I was going somewhere, I was running.” It’s truly a feel good moment. 

Another scene that really stood out to me was when his friend “Bubba” died in the war. Forrest was always so committed and loyal to everything he did. When he lost his best friend it was truly heartbreaking. In the end, when you realize Forrest opened up the famous restaurant Bubba Gump, a place that I had eaten and never was able to make the connection it was even more meaningful. You realize what good and honest of a person Forrest is. It makes you wish only the best for him. 

What the critical conversations that I read all mostly agreed with my experience with the film. A lot matched my experience by claiming that the story of Forrest Gump is a story of love, hope, perseverance, respect, and tolerance. It was hard to find a critic that could disagree with that. 

Why I believe some films are considered “great” is because they teach us lessons, or have a deeper meaning, give us a good feeling. For instances, such as this one Forrest teaches us the importance of never giving up, and moving forward despite his past. The fact that he is honest, inspirational, and has good intentions he can be a motivational person for others. Another reason I believe films can be considered “great” is if they can be great to all different types of groups, not just one. For example, my favorite film The Blind Side is another underdog movie, about a kid who literally came from nothing to become an NFL star. Not only do athletes, as myself benefit from watching this, but a lot of people I know who aren’t athletes, not people of color, really enjoy this movie. I think it’s “great” because a lot of different people can agree it changed them in a way. Contrastingly, I think there are a lot of movies people claim to be “great” that really aren’t that great to me. I think that all has to do with opinion however. Not everyone likes the same thing. What a film critic might claim as “great, best, amazing” a regular movie goer might not agree. Everyone has different ideas to which they think great is. 

definitions week 1

The Studio System

Book definition:
“Under the studio system, the more of production that dominated American film making from the 1920s to the late 1940s, each move company signed most of its directors to long-term contracts, along with actors and other creative personnel.” (Sikov,120).

“The studio system operated under a mass-production model in which films were made and distributed like sausages or boxes of cereal, and there was not a lot of room for individual directors to put their personal stamp on films they made.” (Sikov, 121)

Resources:

1) Academic:
Author, Tom Schatz, writes in detail about the rise and fall of Hollywood’s studio system era. Before going in depth about the rise and fall, he explains the studio system. Essentially the studio system was a vertical integration of production, distribution and exhibition of films popularized between the 1920s and 1940s. Studios controlling all vertical factors of production established norms for the film industry. Essentially through the studio system, big studio names ;such as Warner Bros., or Paramount; followed production norms to mass produce films. In this system big studio heads contracted the same directors, production teams, and actors to uphold their label. The studio system followed a top-down system in which the executives controlled the business side of distribution and exhibition while producers oversaw the overall production of the film.

2) Journalistic
Writer, Ryan “R.L.” Terry, reveals that during the time of the “studio system”, there were five major film studios known as the Big Five, essentially controlling the film industry from production to distribution. These studios consisted of Paramount, MGM, RKO, Loew’s, Fox Pictures, and Warner Brothers. The studio system contained the collateral that big banks were looking for in order to invest in films, after all, film and television were and continues to be the United States’ largest exports even though they are only recently counted as part of the U.S.’ gross domestic product. The system would prevent independent filmmakers in expanding their creativity within projects and keep established positions in studios as permanent, limiting additional creatives to join the company. This limitation also applied to properties. In the days of the studio system, outside companies could not rent and shoot films or television shows on another company’s lot.

3) Personal
An article on the Hollywood lexicon describes the Hollywood studio system. An interesting take from this article was the allusion to the Ford Motor Company. The similarities between the Ford company and the studio system are not too shocking, but the fact this article touched upon this is good information. The article also goes in detail about the hardships non-studio system theaters went through in order to produce a film. An example of the studio system theaters power was the idea of “block booking”. Block booking was big studio names way of renting out their studios to second grade studios.
Through block booking non-established theaters were required to buy blocks of film that they had to produce on. Sometimes these packages included footage worth 20+ films. Needless to say the big 8 studios controlled over the film industry. More so this article talks about the use of stars to sell movies which created the notion of A-list movies or B-list movies based on who the actors were.

4) Vernacular
Author, Amelia Robinson, describes the studio system as a means of film production, distribution and exhibition dominant in Hollywood from the early 1920s through the 1950s. The term itself refers to the practice of large motion picture studios (1) producing their own filmmaking lots with creatives usually under long-term contracts and (2) proceeding a vertical integration through ownership of distributors and theaters, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques. A key part of the studio system was block booking, which entails them selling a year’s worth of films to the theatres that included a number of particularly attractive, big-budget films,
which would therefore, entice theatres to buy the whole block. Additionally, foreign films could not get a foothold in the U.S. unless they had arrangements with one of the Big 5 U.S. film companies.

Sources:
Academic:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/Content_store/Sample_chapt
er/9781405133876/9781405133876_C01.pdf
(Links to an external site.)

Journalistic:
https://the-artifice.com/after-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-studio-system-could-we-use-it-today/

(Links to an external site.)

Personal:
http://www.hollywoodlexicon.com/studiosystem.html
(Links to an external site.)

Vernacular:

The Studio System


(Links to an external site.)

The Sound of Music and Family

The Sound of Music was released in 1965 and was produced and directed by Robert Wise in a form of a musical drama film. The film illustrates the way that music, lead by Maria, brings happiness back to the Von Trapp family and finally helps them escape from the powerful Nazis. By emerging music back into the family’s lives, Maria continues to convince people to understand that music has a mighty power to change even the most delicate situations into stronger family bonding and romantic feelings.

For the story of the Von Trapp family and of the events leading up to their concert attraction just prior to World War II and their fleeing from the Nazis, Wise in fact went to the actual locale, Salzburg, and spent 11 weeks filming his action among the pageantry of the Bavarian Alps. He caught the beauty and fascination of the terrain with his facile cameras, combining the gorgeous towering mountains and quiet lakes with the Old World grace of the historic City of Music, a great complement to interiors shot in Hollywood. One of the scenes that stood out was the sequence of the famous Salzburg Festival, which was actually shot in the spectacular Felsenreitschule, or Rocky Riding School. The stage of the vast amphitheatre is backgrounded by scores of arched tunnels carved out of the rocky mountain that surrounds the city and it forms an fantastic backdrop for the climactic scenes of the film, which then shows the Von Trapp family escaping after their appearance onstage while storm troopers are waiting for them in the audience.

There is no surprise that the music plays a huge narrative tool, but in also in corporation with wide shot visuals. This is especially shown when Maria made the children clothes from her window curtains and took them out into town. There is a long shot that audiences can see the beautiful mountains and the seven children all dressed in floral window drapes that shows, in hopes of the producer, the beauty in the family bonding in beautiful clothing within an open space in contrast to the uniforms their father insisted them to wear everyday inside the house. More interestingly, Maria then taught the children a music lesson on the seven keys – Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti. The Sound of Music purposely integrated this concept to show that each of the seven children have their own wider role in the family bond just as the seven keys of the music. When each of the keys take turns to sound or sound in harmony, they compose beautiful music all together.

Another pivotal scene that demonstrates this concept is in a later scene where the seven children form a choir to sing a ballad for their father’s potential suitor. The assembly of the children singing definitely was the catalyst in reminding Captain Von Trapp what peace music can bring. Using a medium shot, we see Captain Von Trapp’s emotional reaction to his children singing together in harmony. We then get a cutaway to the children singing, only to go back to Captain Von Trapp slowly entering the room to join the assembly. Within this sequence, the audience can see the father soften through the sound of music, which is something we have not seen before in the film until now. It does not even end there when we actually get to see the father play the guitar and sing to the children himself, embodying the bonding element Mariah always had with the children.

Despite all of the film’s stunning visual storytelling in family bonding, there were still however unforgiving critics who absolutely despised the beloved classic. It’s a historical context definitely added an extra intrigue to the Sound of Music phenomenon. Back in 1965, film critic Pauline Kael called The Sound of Music “the sugar-coated lie that people seem to want to eat.” She even goes on to say, “We have been turned into emotional and aesthetic imbeciles when we hear ourselves humming the sickly, goody-goody songs.” Many more harsh critics agreed with Kael. The New York Times’ Bosley Crowther’s initial review included calling out the film’s “cosy-cum-corny” direction and the plot’s “romantic nonsense and sentiment.” Soon after the film’s release, he posited that The Sound of Music would destroy the movie-musical genre, considering the excellence of West Side Story and My Fair Lady. 

It was more bitter than sweet to entangle my enjoyment watching the film with the harsh critics’ words during the time of the release but the musical continues to stand the test of time and touch many people’s hearts till this day.  Even if there are those who don’t see or feel the beauty of the film, at least they can hear the family sing the sound of music.

Sources:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3592972.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fdefault-2%252Fcontrol&refreqid=excelsior%3Ab1aa3188e6eddcf7c8c3f6105aa0c1a1

https://www.thedailybeast.com/everyone-hated-the-sound-of-music?ref=scroll

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/may/17/the-sound-of-music-review-julie-andrews-christopher-plummer

The Sound of Zombies: How It’s More Than Just, “HNNNNNNNGGGHHHHH!!!”

Image result for night of the living dead

Romero’s Editing Strategies

Both editing strategies (continuity and analytical) are utilized to enhance the viewing experience for the audience. Continuity editing is used in most shots of the film but there are some analytical edited scenes spaced throughout the film as well.

The main match-on action scenes that occur during the movie are when a character would spot a zombie and you see the look of terror on their faces and then the shot switches to a clip of the zombie running towards that character to attack them. This occurs several times throughout the film as many characters are attacked. This type of editing is done to create suspense, when we see the look of horror on the character’s face then it leads the audience to wonder what they are going to see in the next scene which displays the zombies.

There was also some sparse analytical editing that occurred during the zombie attacks. The camera would show a close up of the character being attacked to make the shot more intimate and dramatic.

I think the director chose to shoot the film this way using both analytical and continuity editing because the film had a need for both. The setting plays a key role in the film as they are on a rural farm in Pennsylvania and the continuity editing shots help familiarize the audience with the setting. But the close up analytical shots help make the film more dramatic and engage the audience more.

Image result for zombie listening to music

Examples from the Film

To convey suspense and tension in the Night of the Living Dead, George A. Romero arouses expectations and subverts those expectations with uncertainty utilizing editing and sound. Around the 22-minute mark, Barbra surveys the house after a reassuring conversation with Ben. Ben’s consolation is not only received by Barbra within the parameters of the film, but Ben also consoles the audience—just enough words by Ben to put the audience at ease. As Barbra walks through a doorway, ominous music ramps up and takes away the comfort that Ben initially instills. Barbra fixates her vision towards something, using the music box as the variable for the transition. While the music box plays an innocent melody, a shot of Barbra with the music box out of focus parallels the dispatch to the audience of the focus towards Barbra.

Romero plays with the conjunction of editing and sound to convey to his audience the framework he placates. He juxtaposes the ominous theatrical music with the innocent melody of the music box. Romero constantly puts the audience in a disarray in where he simulates a roller coaster of tension subsequently subverting each other. Visually, Romero fixates on an inanimate object to impart to the audience where the focus should be. He displays Barbra focusing towards the music box and hinges conveying a tone with the object.

Oh! And Fun Fact…..

Other budget conflicts and the era in which the film was shot included shooting on a 35mm print, but only with 16mm editing equipment. The crew had to transfer all the footage to 16 mm before they could start editing it. Rousseau also notes that they rarely had time or a movie for more than one shot of any frame, and they did not have the opportunity to verify this. He had to believe that Romero was doing everything right. The sound was also mixed without seeing the picture.

Rousseau remembers the chess problem between Russell Streiner and the sound engineer in the laboratory. If Russ wins a chess game, they will receive a sound mix for free, but if he loses, they will have to pay twice as much. Some of the cast and crew watched the game, which Russ eventually won.

Cutaway

  • A shot in a movie that is of a different subject from those to which it is joined in editing.
  • In film and video, a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.
  • For instance, a shot of a high school teacher lecturing to his students is followed by another one of the principal standing at the door listening. Then back to the shot of the teacher lecturing. The shot of the principal is the cutaway shot.
  • Continuity, as it relates to filmmaking or videography, refers to maintaining believable and temporal relationships within a scene in such a way that shots you intend to put together actually fit together in a natural and seamless flow of action, preserving the illusion of reality on the screen.
  • Use cutaways to solve continuity problems such as jump cuts.
  • Imagine another scene with a man working on a laptop sitting on a train, embarking on a long journey cross-country. Where is he going? What is he thinking? A cutaway out the train window shows passing farmland; the next shot shows him with an overnight bag slung over his shoulder, getting off the train. Clearly, without needing to say it, using only your cutaways, you’ve painted a picture of a businessman going to the city.
  • You automatically raise the stakes when you shoot a harried woman with her arms full of groceries unlocking and closing the door to her house at twilight, then you follow up with a cutaway of a set of dangling keys she left behind, still in the keyhole.
  • For an illustration to fulfill the purposes for which it is designed, it is often important that certain objects depicted not be blocked by others.

What is the concept?

The major use of a cutaway is to “guide the audience from subject to subject, and on occasion, to place the audience in the position of the actors” (Gessner 89).

It is important to choose cutaway shots that truly represent what the characters are feeling or thinking about or shots of objects – anything that serves the story, not just something you can use as a Band Aid to cover cuts. This is where the art of the cutaway truly lies. You could call this the art of momentarily distracting the audience. In the end, that’s what a cutaway truly is: a momentary distraction to the audience to serve the story.

What are different versions of the concept?

Different versions or types of ways cutaway shots can serve the film include:

  • Time Control — Cutaways can emphasize important details or add detail and meaning to a scene. From the cutaway shot of the clock, the audience might rightfully assume some of the following: the woman has to be somewhere on time, she’s probably late and therefore is in a hurry, etc. The assumptions are infinite. Of course, the shot immediately preceding the cutaway and the one that follows it, as well as the context of the scene (whether the woman is actually looking at the clock, her facial expressions, her overall demeanor, etc.), will help in the interpretation.
  • Unspoken Words — Use cutaways to increase tension in your scenes. You automatically raise the stakes when you shoot a harried woman with her arms full of groceries unlocking and closing the door to her house at twilight, then you follow up with a cutaway of a set of dangling keys she left behind, still in the keyhole. The audience will have no problem coming to the appropriate conclusions or assumptions.
  • Linking Action — You want to break or link action in scenes? Use cutaways. Jump people around by moving them from place to place? Cutaways. Use them for suspense or excitement, to reveal information, to smoothly join one part of the speech in a dialogue with another, to fix screen direction mistakes, even to confuse the audience. Be careful not to resort to cheap cutaways, which will make you look like the newcomer on the block. A cutaway shot whose sole purpose is to mask an overt mistake reminds the audience – or especially a trained eye – that something was fixed or removed. It is a delicate balance.

Sources

Editing & Sound -Night of the Living Dead

To convey suspense and tension in the Night of the Living Dead, George A. Romero arouses expectations and subverts those expectations with uncertainty utilizing editing and sound. Continuity editing is used in most shots of the film but there are some analytical edited scenes spaced throughout the film as well,  such as the graphic matching in Night of the Living Dead. It occurs around 11:36 when Barbra entered the farmhouse and walked around the room. When her eyes move toward the walls, the shots shift from the heads of different animals individually. This employs a graphic matching editing that relies on the similarity of the compositional shapes from one shot to the next to bridge the cut smoothly (P227). This use of graphic matching shots helps create a sense of tension and horror for the whole story.

There are also some other edited scenes throughout the film as well. This is shown multiple times throughout the film, described as when characters are schemed on by the ghouls. The reasoning for this type of editing is to create as many questionable and anticipated scenes or suspenseful scenes. Once the actual terror is visible to the views by the look on the characters face leads the audience to wonder what’s going to happen next. With the assumption of the ghouls attacking the protagonists. Sparse analytical editing was also visible when the ghouls attacked. Cameras would zoom up close of the character being mauled to bring more dramatics to the scenes. The film director chose these editing methods while shooting this film to complete the suspenseful feeling of the film. The scenery of a farm plays an important role because it emphasizes just how close the enemy may be to actual life at that time.

Around the 22-minute mark, Barbra surveys the house after a reassuring conversation with Ben. Ben’s consolation is not only received by Barbra within the parameters of the film, but it breaks the fourth wall in consoling the audience—just enough words by Ben to put the audience at ease. As Barbra walks through a doorway, ominous music ramps up and takes away the comfort that Ben initially instills. Barbra fixates her vision towards something, using the music box as the variable for the transition. While the music box plays an innocent melody, a shot of Barbra with the music box out of focus parallels the dispatch to the audience of the focus towards Barbra. As we see the movie, we noticed that the soundtrack was given not continually. For example, when there involve dialogues between characters, there is not sound or music at the background but the real voice of the characters. The sound and music occur when there is some kind of signal for danger or threats. In 17:00, when Ben is fighting the ghouls around him and Barbra is facing several ghouls inside of the house, the sounds and music are incredibly creepy and thrilling that makes the audience feel so nervous. The way of using sound and music helps pave the way for the whole story and create a sense of tension for the audience.

https://www.soundboard.com/sb/night_of_the_living_dead

https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/565

 

Definitions – Week 4A HEADS

Jump Cut

Our textbook has shown that cut is the simplest form of transition from one shot to another in filmmaking (P225). This helps us understand what a jump cut would be like.  A jump cut is a common technique used in filmmaking. it means cutting together two discontinuous points of a continuous action without changing the setup. When using a jump cut, the audience are allowed to see the same object are taken from a camera position varying slightly because the way the shots are framed in relation to each other. The filmmakers often take the technique of jump cut to create a jump superficially but to create a sense of time passage in the film. For instance, in the video “Royal Tenenbaums”, the actions of the man shaving off his beard varied without changing the position of the camera. These use a lot of jump cuts give a rapid succession of the frames between shots to shots. It not creates a unique visual effect to the audience, but also absorb the audience to consider the implications behind the jump cuts. The audience notice the abrupt transition of the shots that give different looks of the character in a fast way, which appears to pave some clue for the upcoming and unexpected death of the character. Some early use of the jump-cut technique is in the film Breathless by Jean-Luc Godard in the 1960s. In addition to the use for passing of time, jump cuts also are used by filmmakers for other purposes such as the comedic effects and space and mood.

The jump cut effect is even more disconcerting when it happens between two different subjects. For example, if a shot of one person is followed by a shot of a different person in the same position, it looks like the first person has transformed into the second one. When cutting between different people, pay attention to looking room and other positioning elements.

https://youtu.be/K2GPBBxFpEw

Sources

“Five explanations for the jump cuts
in Godard’s Breathless” https://pov.imv.au.dk/Issue_06/section_1/artc10.html

 

 

Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972)

Aguirre, the Wrath of God is a West German-Mexican-Peruvian historical drama.  It was directed by Werner Herzog, a German director, in the year 1972. The story takes place in 16th-century Peru.  In the beginning the camera pans over a beautiful view of the Andes mountains. On those mountains was a large group of Spanish conquistadors on their mission to find the mythical city El Dorado.  The travelers believed that El Dorado was a city with massive amounts of gold and that they could conquer it. After some time the men decided that they would create a group of 40 men that would go off on their own expedition.  They were given one week to find more information on El Dorado or the natives living in the jungle or that they would be presumed dead.  

The story of Aguirre, the Wrath of God is one of dictatorship, greed, and obsession.  The main character Aguirre (Klaus Kinski) initiated an uprising against the leader of the smaller group of men.  The original leader deemed their mission to be fruitless and that they should head back. Aguirre, however, was so wildly consumed with the idea of finding untold riches that he ranted about all the power the men could have if they were to find El Dorado.  He even referenced Hernando Cortes, the well known Spanish conqueror of Mexico in 1519. He told the group that Cortes had directly disobeyed orders to cancel his expedition and that he ended up being the ruler of Mexico. He then had someone shoot the original leader to instill fear into anyone that tried to suggest that they cancel their expedition.  As the men continued on their way to find El Dorado they come across many more problems such as illness and even cannibalistic natives that are following them along in the jungle.

During the film there is a man narrating as if he’s reading diary entries, which I found to be helpful because it gave an insider’s perspective to the group we’re watching.  The entire film was done with just one handheld camera which gave a lot of scenes a very shaky look. The shots were often very blurry as well from rain or splashing water while the actors were in rafts on the river.  The handheld camera allowed for more free range of movement as the entire film was shot in the actual jungle. The actors spend their time primarily on rafts traveling down the river so it was necessary to use a camera that was easily mobile.  Herzog also had the film shot in sequence in an attempt to “convey the increasing desperation of the film’s scenario” (Deep Focus Review).

I found the story behind the production to be the most fascinating part of the whole movie.  The lengths that the director and actors were willing to go to film this movie was borderline insane.  The entire crew had to go to extreme lengths by hiking up a mountain near Manchu Picchu. The crew consisted of about 450 people as well as animals like horses, pigs, and llamas.  The weather was decently poor during their trek. The opening scene you can see the thick layer of fog that rolls about the mountain while they climb. They eventually reached an altitude of 14,000 feet and were walking along a cliff side with a 2,000 foot drop.  They were at a point where even the natives of the area were getting altitude sickness (Deep Focus Review). The actors also had to deal with poverty like living conditions because the budget for the film was only $370,000. At one point their campsite flooded and Herzog wouldn’t allow them to move locations because he was so obsessed with the film being exactly a certain way.  So instead they had some locals build large rafts and they continued on with the production while living on those.

    Herzog also put his actors lives at risk with the shots he was demanding.  For example, the rapids he chose to film in were so strong that during pre-production when he put a raft in the water it immediately ripped it in half.  When that happened the actors had to be pulled through the rushing water with ropes to bring them back to shore. Instead of finding a safer setting to film in he hired some local natives to make a stronger raft and said that they would do it in just one shot.  Later in the film there’s a scene where Aguirre is talking to monkeys. Herzog had locals round up about a hundred monkeys and just unleashed them on the scene. This led to Herzog, as well as other crew members, being attacked by the monkeys and having to endure it in order to get the perfect shot.

I think the most intense part of the production was that halfway through the production Herzog had shipped footage to Mexico to be processed but it was reported to be lost in transit.  This meant that everything they had completed so far was lost forever and they had no means to continue filming. Herzog was so obsessed with finishing the film, however, that he didn’t tell anyone about the lost tapes and continued on with the production.  By the power of some unknown miracle he was contacted a few weeks later and was told that the lost films were actually found in some customs office in Peru so they were able to piece them together for the whole film. I just think that Herzog’s level of dedication to this dangerous production really paralleled with Aguirre’s obsession with finding El Dorado at all costs.  Of course Aguirre’s story is much more dark and filled with death, but you get the idea.

Another interesting aspect to the production was the main actor Klaus Kinski.  Herzog had “described his relationship with Kinski as two oppositional forces of Nature that when joined reach a critical mass” (Deep Focus Review).  Kinski’s overbearing nature is actually what landed him the part. Before playing in Aguirre, the Wrath of God Kinski played a theatrical Jesus on tour.  He would basically stand on a stage with a microphone and rant about how he was Jesus and he would insult the audience who would then insult him back. While he was on the set of Aguirre, the Wrath of God he wasn’t much better.  It was reported that one night he was upset about some locals being “too noisy” in their tent so he took his rifle and fired off three shots into the tent. One man was shot in the hand and almost lost his finger but thankfully nobody was killed.  Kinski didn’t get in much trouble for his actions, Herzog just took away his rifle. It might seem like a crazy light punishment but it seemed Herzog was a bit crazy as well. Kinski had finally threatened to leave the production altogether and Herzog responded by saying that “the film was more important than either of them—and that if Kinski tried to leave, Herzog would get his rifle and put eight of the nine rounds into Kinski’s head, and then save the last one for himself” (Deep Focus Review) so as you can see both the heads of the production were quite unstable.

The film had pretty basic special effects due to their low budget.  They had real explosions but when it came to things like blood it was very obviously bright red paint being splattered.  One element focused on heavily in the film is noise. Almost the entire film there’s constant chattering of animals in the jungle or the rushing water in the rapids beneath them.  Occasionally Herzog would cut all of the noise and make everything disturbingly silent. This was to make the viewers uncomfortable, like the characters were in the movie, because it always followed with a wild attack from the cannibalistic natives hiding in the jungle. 

 

http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/m_friers/clips/internal-rhythm-aguirre-character-movement-wide/view

 

http://www.philfilms.utm.edu/1/aguirre.htm

 

https://deepfocusreview.com/definitives/aguirre-the-wrath-of-god/